After another nine years of research, William Moggridge of the Grid Systems Corporation built the first portable laptop computer, the Grid Compass Computer 1109. It contained 340 kilobytes of
Grid 1101 1982 Grid Compass – the first rugged laptopThe Grid Compass 1101 was the first clamshell laptop ever produced. This innovation of folding the screen over the keyboard was eventually used by almost all laptop manufacturers and for a long time provided Grid with a revenue stream from the patent. It was made of die-cast magnesium, which makes it the first truly rugged portable, and therefore gets pride of place on and an extra long post! Grid apparently stood for “Graphical Retrieval Information Display” Designed by Bill Moggridge, a British industrial designer who made it to the bay area long before Jony Ive, the GRiD Compass 1101 was innovative and successful despite being expensive and rather odd in some ways. Bubble memory? GPIB built in? GRID-OS? a 1200bps modem? Bill’s original design featured all of the classic features of a modern clamshell laptop. In order to raise money for the venture, he created a mock-up of the proposed product. Not in 3D cad… But a real mock-up: Original prototype mockup of the GRiD CompassGRID Systems Corporation John Ellenby founded GRiD Systems Corporation in 1979 and was later joined by co-founders Glenn Edens (VP of Development) and David Paulsen (Manager of Hardware Engineering). The company was based in Mountain View, CA in the heart of Silicon Valley. They moved from a garage (typical!) to their first office building in August of 1980 at which time they started hiring people. The company was very secretive (not even telling job applicants what they might be working on) and remained in stealth mode till March 30, 1981 when they issued their first press release. The original GriD concept was inspired by Alan Kay’s vision of a Dynabook. Ellenby apparently wanted to develop a portable email terminal, while Glen envisioned a portable personal computer. Indeed, Edens said his primary contribution was to push the founding team to do a whole computer, complete with local processing and storage (rather then a dumb terminal with only email capability). Grid LaptopThe Grid Compass was primarily bought by the military, NASA, and other government agencies, and is famous for having been used on shuttle missions in the 80’s. It was also a fixture on Air Force 1. On sale at the same time as the Osborne 1 ($1,795) the price of $8,100 was pretty stratospheric. NASA modified the GriD by replacing the modem module with a Shuttle Bus interface board, designed by Rockwell International. That enabled the GriD to communicate with on board instruments. This type of modification is exactly what ProCustom Group does today for Getac rugged laptops. Link to Smithsonian Link for Grid-II Also importantly, it featured as the sentry gun control terminal in Aliens the movie. Grid discussion at the Computer History Museum “Grid was used to launch every satellite off the space shuttle from 1984-1987. The launch sequence software for the shuttle was actually programmed into the on board Grid Compass. The GriD could communicate with all the electronics gear on the shuttle via a Rockwell built communications card that replaced the integral modem. Later, NASA programmers developed quality of life applications for the GRiD. These included calendar scheduling for the astronauts. NASA called the GRid – a Portable On board Computer. In the Jan 1986 Challenger shuttle disaster, the Grid’s were recovered and they still worked.” The above is from an excellent question and answer session at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, CA in 2008. Well worth a read! Link to full article Design Bill Moggridge started IDEO – and they still have a post up about the design : IDEO Image from the design museum Closed Grid CompassBubble memory modulesI/O interfacesSpecifications Die-Cast Magnesium case 15″ x x 2″ Intel 8086 microprocessor with 8087 arithmetic co-processor 256K bytes DRAM 384K bytes bubble memory (non-volatile storage) Electro-luminescent active matrix display – 340 x 240 57 key keyboard integral 300/1200 bps modem with audio, telephone handset and speaker RS-232C/RS-422 serial port IEEE 488 GPIB peripheral interface GriD link LAN Clock/calendar with lithium battery back-up Power consumption: 60W grid-more-than-a-personal-computer – Grid Compass brochure – (Thanks to This guy has a collection of GRID computers: Ray’s Web Page and military computers >

Occupation. Businessman. Known for. Grid Compass computers. John Ellenby (9 January 1941 – 17 August 2016) was a British businessman. He was the founder of Grid Systems Corporation, maker of the Grid Compass, one of the first commercially successful laptop computers. He also co-founded GeoVector, an early augmented reality company.

Kiedy wynaleziono pierwszy PC?Kto wynalazł komputer?Jakie były pierwsze komputery?Jak wygladal pierwszy komputer?Kto stworzył pierwszy komputer na świecie?Kiedy sprzedano pierwszy komputer?Jak powstał 1 komputer?Kto stworzył pierwszy laptop? Pierwszym w historii komputerem był ENIAC. Było to już ponad 70 lat temu! Komputer został zaprojektowany w 1945 roku przez naukowców z Uniwersytetu w Pensylwanii. Publicznie zaprezentowano go już rok później na Uniwersytecie w wynaleziono pierwszy PC?IBM PC[edytuj] IBM PC (ang. personal computer) – oryginalna wersja i przodek platformy komputerów osobistych, zapoczątkowanej 12 sierpnia 1981 roku przez przedsiębiorstwo IBM modelem znanym jako IBM BabbageJakie były pierwsze komputery?Pierwszy komputer ENIAC, 1946 r. Za pierwsze komputery tzw. generacji zero uważa się urządzenia stworzone w Niemczech przez Konrada Zusego nazwane kolejno Z1, Z2, Z3. Niemniej Z1 i Z2 nie są uważane za kompletne maszyny Turinga (mogące wykonywać dowolny algorytm), gdyż nie wykonywały instrukcji wygladal pierwszy komputer?Masa tego komputera wynosiła ponad 27 ton, zawierał blisko 18 tysięcy lamp elektronowych i zajmował powierzchnię około 167 metrów kwadratowych, składał się z 42 szaf ze stalowej blachy, sięgał ponad 2,4 metra wysokości i miał 24 metry długości!Kto stworzył pierwszy komputer na świecie?Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer – Elektroniczny, Numeryczny Integrator i Komputer) – komputer skonstruowany w latach 1943–1945 przez Eckerta i Mauchly’ego na Uniwersytecie Pensylwanii w sprzedano pierwszy komputer?Jednakże już po krótkim czasie brzęk monet przechodzących z rąk do rąk obudził ich zainteresowanie. W roku 1981 firma IBM wypuściła swojego pierwszego PC-ta w cenie 1365 $, co dało mocny sygnał całemu światu, iż komputery osobiste tak szybko nie powstał 1 komputer?ENIAC ważył około 27 ton. Zajmował powierzchnię 140 metrów kwadratowych. Składał się z ponad 18 tysięcy lamp elektronowych. Kiedyś to one pełniły funkcje dzisiejszych małych tranzystorów, dlatego wymiary pierwszego komputera były stworzył pierwszy laptop?Pierwszym urządzeniem z tej kategorii był DYNABOOK. Jego projekt stworzył Alan Kay w laboratoriach Xerox Parc. Pierwszym oferowanym komercyjnie laptopem, który mieścił się w torbie, był Grid Compass Computer 1109. W roku 1979 zaprojektował go William Moggridge dla Grid Systems Corporation.
According to a press release from GRiD Systems, Inc., “The GRiD Compass was first used on the Space Shuttle mission launched from Kennedy Space Center on November 28, 1983. The computer, code-named SPOC (Shuttle Portable On-Board Computer) by NASA was slightly modified for operation in a weightless environment…” (Neither this press
Terjemahan frasa GRID CORPORATION dari bahasa inggris ke bahasa indonesia dan contoh penggunaan "GRID CORPORATION" dalam kalimat dengan terjemahannya: State Grid Corporation of China is the largest **WW II COMPASS, GRID SYSTEM, MAP READING, SIGNS, SYMBOL FOLD OUT FIELD PACKET** **UNITED STATES MILITARY** CONDITION: VERY GOOD, COMPASS WORKING CONDITION DESCRIPTION: FIELD GEAR: BATTLE LINE INFORM
The Grid Compass had its own, non-DOS, menu-based OS and included a modem for communication purposes. It also used "bubble memory" in lieu of having removable drives or storage media. Data could be saved indefinitely in bubble memory even without a power source. Grid Compasses are extremely hard to find and can set a collector back $3,000 or more.
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    • grid compass computer 1109